Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

8.4K
Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...
8.4K
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

59.4K
Overview
59.4K
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

10.8K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
10.8K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

61.8K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
61.8K
PCR01:32

PCR

236.3K
Overview
236.3K
Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

60.3K
During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
60.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enzyme structure and kinetics produce tRNA and nucleotide specificity of Schizosaccharomyces pombe CC- and A-adding enzymes.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Structural and Computational Analysis of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> DNA Gyrase Reveals Molecular Characteristics That May Contribute to Ciprofloxacin Resistance.

Biomolecules·2026
Same author

A Human Monoclonal Antibody Displays Promiscuous Binding to Multiple Type 1 nsLTP Allergens.

Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology·2026
Same author

Structural and Computational Analysis of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> DNA Gyrase Reveals Molecular Characteristics That May Contribute to Ciprofloxacin Resistance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

TENT5C functions as a corepressor in the ligand-bound glucocorticoid receptor and estrogen receptor α complexes.

The FEBS journal·2025
Same author

LncRNA SLNCR phenocopies the E2F1 DNA binding site to promote melanoma progression.

Cell reports·2025
Same journal

Impact of an Artificial Albumin Corona on Surface Charge-Driven Nano-Bio Interactions and Cytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles.

ACS omega·2026
Same journal

Structural and Functional Disruption of Thiopurine S‑Methyltransferase by the A80P Variant: A Simulation and Genotyping Study.

ACS omega·2026
Same journal

CRISPR/Cas12a2-Mediated Ultrasensitive Assay for Rapid Detection of H1N1 Influenza Virus RNA.

ACS omega·2026
Same journal

Photocatalytic Treatment of Real Sugar Industry Wastewater Using Lignocellulosic Biomass-Derived Hydrochar/g-CN.

ACS omega·2026
Same journal

Electrochemical Dopamine Biosensor Based on Plant-Derived Peroxidase Immobilized on Titanate Nanowires.

ACS omega·2026
Same journal

Revealing the Effects of Process Parameters on Structural, Thermal, Mechanical, Biodegradation, and Biocompatibility Properties on the Electrospinning of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Microbial Inulin Nanofibers.

ACS omega·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

17.5K

Preferential DNA Polymerase β Reverse Reaction with Imidodiphosphate.

Lalith Perera1, William A Beard1, Lee G Pedersen1,2

  • 1Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2233, United States.

ACS Omega
|July 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA polymerase reactions favor synthesis, but modifying dGTP with an imido-moiety reverses this equilibrium. This shift is due to increased nucleophilicity in the modified pyrophosphate, impacting DNA repair and replication.

More Related Videos

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
11:08

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

10.1K
Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

17.5K
Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
11:08

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

10.1K
Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • DNA replication and repair involve deoxynucleoside monophosphate addition.
  • These reactions are reversible via pyrophosphorolysis, shortening DNA.
  • Divalent metals like magnesium are essential cofactors for these enzymatic reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chemical basis for altered equilibrium in DNA polymerase reactions.
  • To understand the impact of substituting an imido-moiety for bridging oxygen in dGTP.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) calculations.
  • Employed quantum mechanically derived atomic charges for parameterization.
  • Characterized the DNA polymerase β chemical reaction with modified substrates.

Main Results:

  • Substitution of an imido-moiety in dGTP dramatically decreased enzymatic activity.
  • The chemical equilibrium strongly favored the reverse pyrophosphorolysis reaction (K ≪ 1).
  • Calculations suggest increased nucleophilicity of imidodiphosphate contributes to the reverse reaction.

Conclusions:

  • The altered equilibrium favoring reverse DNA synthesis is linked to imidodiphosphate's chemical properties.
  • Understanding these modifications provides insights into DNA polymerase mechanisms.
  • This research sheds light on the chemical underpinnings of DNA repair and replication fidelity.