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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...

Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....

Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

Magnetic Moment of an Electron

Magnetic Moment of an Electron

Electrons revolving around a nucleus are analogous to a circular current carrying loop. This current produces a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the electron's orbital angular momentum. Since the orbital angular momentum is quantized in terms of the reduced Planck's constant, the dipole moment is quantized in the Bohr Magneton. The value of the Bohr magneton is 9.27 x 10-24 Am2. Electrons also have an intrinsic spin angular momentum, and the associated spin magnetic moment is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons

Published on: July 14, 2021

Colossal Magnetoelectric Effect in Core-Shell Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles.

Ping Wang^1,2, Elric Zhang¹, Dennis Toledo^1,2

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States.

|July 9, 2020

Summary

Colossal magnetoelectric coefficients were achieved in novel core-shell nanoparticles. This breakthrough in magnetoelectric materials promises advancements in energy-efficient electronics and nanomedicine.

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence Brain−Machine Interface CoFe2O4−BaTiO3 Colossal Magnetoelectric Effect Core−Shell Magnetoelectric Nanostructures NiFe2O4−BaTiO3

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Last Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons

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Published on: July 14, 2021

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

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Published on: July 20, 2022

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Magnetoelectric (ME) materials exhibit coupled magnetic and electric properties.
Traditional ME composites often show limited ME coefficients, hindering practical applications.
Nanoparticle-based ME systems offer potential for enhanced performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate colossal magnetoelectric coefficient values in core-shell nanoparticles.
To investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the enhanced ME effect.
To explore the potential applications of these novel nanostructures.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of 20 nm CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 and NiFe2O4-BaTiO3 core-shell nanoparticles.
Characterization of the heterostructural interface using transmission electron microscopy.
In situ scanning tunneling microscopy nanoprobe-based ME measurements at the single-nanoparticle level.

Main Results:

Demonstrated ME coefficient values exceeding 5 V cm-1 Oe-1 for CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 and 2 V cm-1 Oe-1 for NiFe2O4-BaTiO3.
Attributed colossal ME values to lattice-matched heterostructural interfaces and single-nanoparticle measurements.
Observed differences in frequency dependence due to superparamagnetism in Ni-ferrite cores.

Conclusions:

Novel core-shell nanoparticles exhibit unprecedented colossal magnetoelectric coefficients.
Single-nanoparticle characterization overcomes limitations of traditional methods.
These advanced ME materials pave the way for applications in energy-efficient information processing, nanomedicine, and brain-machine interfaces.