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Other Unique Bacteria01:18

Other Unique Bacteria

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Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic...
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  3. Soft Magnetic Microrobots With Remote Sensing And Communication Capabilities.
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  3. Soft Magnetic Microrobots With Remote Sensing And Communication Capabilities.

Related Experiment Video

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Soft magnetic microrobots with remote sensing and communication capabilities.

Quan Gao1, Minsoo Kim2, Denis von Arx1

  • 1Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Nature Communications
|November 25, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soft microrobots with flexible electronics enable remote communication and sensing. Shape-changing capabilities allow for remote detection and environmental monitoring, enhanced by collective robot behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Remote communication is crucial for microrobot functionality, but integration of communication tools like antennas is difficult.
  • Conventional manufacturing techniques pose challenges for incorporating advanced features into microrobots.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel concept integrating shape-reconfigurable soft microrobots with flexible electronics for remote communication.
  • To demonstrate a scalable and adaptable approach for microrobotic sensing applications using photolithography.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a three-layered microrobot design incorporating a thermoresponsive magnetic hydrogel, anisotropic support structure, and flexible dipole antenna.
  • Utilized photolithography processes for fabrication, enabling scalability and adaptability.
  • Investigated the shape transformation from helical to planar based on temperature changes.

    • Main Results:

    • The microrobot successfully demonstrated remote shape-state recognition and environmental temperature sensing via external radio receivers.
    • Shape transformation from helical (low-temperature) to planar (high-temperature) was achieved and remotely detectable.
    • Collective behavior of multiple microrobots was shown to enhance signal recognition performance.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed concept advances the co-engineering of smart materials and flexible electronics for microrobotic applications.
    • This approach enables microrobotic embodied intelligence, integrating environmental monitoring, magnetic navigation, and remote signaling.
    • The technology offers a scalable solution for advanced microrobot communication and sensing capabilities.