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Bidirectional links between adolescent brain function and substance use moderated by cognitive control.

Jungmeen Kim-Spoon1, Toria Herd1, Alexis Brieant1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.

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|July 9, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescent substance use alters brain development, increasing insula activation during risk processing, especially in those with low cognitive control. This highlights cognitive control as a key target for prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
Neural risk processingcognitive controlfunctional neuroimaginginsula activationneurotoxic effectssubstance use

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • The relationship between neurodevelopmental abnormalities and substance use in adolescents is debated, with possibilities including predisposing neural factors, substance neurotoxicity, or a combination.
  • Longitudinal studies are crucial for understanding the dynamic interplay between neural mechanisms and substance use patterns during adolescent development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional relationship between neural mechanisms (specifically insula activation during risk processing) and substance use throughout adolescence.
  • To examine the moderating role of cognitive control in the neurodevelopmental effects of adolescent substance use.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study followed 167 adolescents (aged 13-14 at baseline) for four years, with annual assessments.
  • Neural processing was measured via insula blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses during a lottery choice task.
  • Cognitive control was assessed using the Multi-Source Interference Task, and substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana) was self-reported.

Main Results:

  • Increased substance use predicted greater insula activation during risk processing over time.
  • Insula activation did not significantly predict subsequent changes in substance use.
  • The link between substance use and increased insula activation was stronger in adolescents with lower cognitive control.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent substance use can modify brain development, leading to decision-making biases, particularly in individuals with impaired cognitive control.
  • Cognitive control appears to be a critical factor that moderates the neuroadaptive effects of substance use on the developing brain.
  • Targeting cognitive control may be a promising strategy for preventing and treating adolescent substance use disorders.