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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
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Sequence Similarities between Viroids and Human MicroRNAs.

Jessica Grace Bengone-Abogourin1, Nisrine Chelkha1, Eric Verdin2

  • 1Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France.

Intervirology
|July 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viroids, plant pathogens, show sequence similarity to human microRNAs (hsa-miRNAs). This suggests small RNAs from viroids might interact with human nucleic acids, crossing kingdoms.

Keywords:
HumanMessenger RNAPlantsRNA interferenceViroidmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Pathology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Viroids are plant-specific, non-coding circular RNAs causing disease via RNA interference.
  • The study investigated potential cross-kingdom interactions between viroids and human microRNAs (hsa-miRNAs).

Discussion:

  • BLAST searches revealed significant sequence similarities between viroid genomes and hsa-miRNA seed regions.
  • 1,501 matches showed 100% identity, with Chrysanthemum stunt viroid and Hop stunt viroid frequently matching hsa-miR-4286.

Key Insights:

  • Three hsa-miRNAs (miR-4286, miR-6808-5p, miR-3622a-3p) accounted for 47% of all viroid-hsa-miRNA matches.
  • Viroid-derived small RNAs may possess the capability to interact with human genetic material.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to explore the implications of viroid small RNAs in human biology.
  • Investigating viroid-human nucleic acid interactions could reveal novel pathogenic mechanisms or therapeutic targets.