Postcryptococcal Moyamoya Syndrome: Case Report and Review of Literature

There could be an association between cryptococcal meningitis and the later development of moyamoya syndrome. We performed serial clinical and radiological assessments in an immunosuppressed post-renal transplant patient who had previously suffered from cryptococcal meningitis and then went on to develop a moyamoya syndrome (MMS). We also performed a literature search and review of post-infectious MMS cases from 1976 to 2019. The clinical course and radiological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of MMS. After exclusion of other causes, accelerated MMS secondary to cryptococcal meningitis, developing over 1-2 months, was considered. Our observation adds further evidence to the concept of a post-infectious MMS. This report is the first to add fungal meningitis to the etiology of an MMS.