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Related Concept Videos

Catenins01:23

Catenins

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Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the...
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Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

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Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
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Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

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Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
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Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

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The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
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Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy
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ASGR1 and Its Enigmatic Relative, CLEC10A.

J Kenneth Hoober1

  • 1Susavion Biosciences, Inc., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

C-type lectin (CLEC) receptors, like ASGR1 and CLEC10A, bind carbohydrates using calcium. CLEC10A on immune cells and progenitor cells influences immune responses and tolerance induction.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Glycobiology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • C-type lectin (CLEC) receptors are calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding proteins.
  • ASGR1 (CLEC4H1) is a prototypic CLEC receptor highly expressed in hepatocytes, specific for N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc).
  • Immune cells express multiple CLEC receptors involved in pathogen recognition, signaling, adhesion, and immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on CLEC receptors, focusing on ASGR1 and CLEC10A.
  • To highlight the role of CLEC10A in immune cell function and embryonic development.
  • To discuss the calcium signaling initiated by ligand-mediated endocytosis of CLEC receptors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CLEC receptors, ASGR1, and CLEC10A.
Keywords:
ASGR1CLEC10AIL-10IL-12T cellasialoglycoprotein receptor-1calciumdendritic celllectinmacrophagetolerance

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  • Analysis of receptor expression patterns and functions.
  • Examination of calcium signaling mechanisms.

    • Main Results:

    • ASGR1 and CLEC10A share specificity for GalNAc.
    • CLEC10A is expressed on immature DCs, M2a macrophages, oocytes, and progenitor cells.
    • CLEC10A mediates TH1, TH2, TH17 immune responses and induces tolerance.
    • Ligand-mediated endocytosis of CLEC receptors triggers Ca2+ signals with varied outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • CLEC receptors play diverse roles in immunity and development.
    • CLEC10A is a key receptor in immune responses and tolerance.
    • Calcium signaling downstream of CLEC receptor activation is context-dependent.