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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Nerve Supply of the GI Tract01:27

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The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
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Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

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The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
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The Gut-CNS Axis in Multiple Sclerosis.

Atsushi Kadowaki1, Francisco J Quintana2

  • 1Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Trends in Neurosciences
|July 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiota influences immune cells and glial cells, impacting multiple sclerosis (MS) inflammation and neurodegeneration. Understanding the gut-CNS axis is key for developing new MS therapies.

Keywords:
T cellsastrocytesglial cellsgut microbiotagut–CNS axismicrogliamultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Microbiome Research
  • Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CNS autoimmune inflammatory disease.
  • MS pathogenesis involves genetic, environmental, and gut microbiota factors.
  • Gut microbiota modulates immune processes relevant to MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the effects of gut microbiota on T cells and glial cells in MS.
  • To explore the relevance of the gut-CNS axis for controlling MS inflammation and neurodegeneration.
  • To highlight the potential of gut microbiota research for developing MS therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on gut microbiota and MS.
  • Analysis of immune cell (T cells) and glial cell interactions.
  • Exploration of the gut-CNS axis mechanisms in neuroinflammation.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota composition impacts immune responses in MS.
  • Microbiota influences T cell differentiation and glial cell activation.
  • The gut-CNS axis plays a critical role in MS pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota significantly influences MS development and progression.
  • Targeting the gut-CNS axis may offer novel therapeutic strategies for MS.
  • Further research into the gut microbiota's role is essential for advancing MS treatment.