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Marker discrepancy as a diagnostic criterion for lymphoid neoplasms.
T Sun1, M Ngu, J Henshall
1Department of Laboratories, Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York.
Diagnostic and Clinical Immunology
|January 1, 1988
Summary
Flow cytometry multimarker studies identify key cell surface antigens for diagnosing B-cell and T-cell leukemias and lymphomas. Discrepancies in marker expression reliably indicate specific lymphoid malignancies.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Accurate diagnosis of lymphoid malignancies relies on precise immunophenotyping.
- Distinguishing between B-cell and T-cell neoplasms is critical for effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the diagnostic utility of specific cell surface markers in various lymphoid specimens.
- To establish criteria for diagnosing B-cell and T-cell leukemias and lymphomas based on marker expression patterns.
Main Methods:
- Multimarker analysis using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies and flow cytometry.
- Assessment of T-cell receptor gene rearrangements for T-cell clonality.
- Comparison of antigen expression within the same cell lineage (e.g., CD19 vs. CD20, CD7 vs. CD3).
Main Results:
- CD19 is highly sensitive for B-lymphoblastic leukemia.
- CD7 is highly sensitive for T-lymphoblastic leukemia.
- CD5 is highly sensitive for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
- Discrepancies in lineage-specific markers are diagnostic of lymphoid tumors.
- Surface immunoglobulin negativity alongside B-lineage marker discrepancy identifies B-cell lymphomas.
Conclusions:
- Specific CD markers (CD19, CD7, CD5) are valuable diagnostic tools for hematologic malignancies.
- Analysis of marker discrepancies provides a reliable method for diagnosing B-cell and T-cell lymphomas.
- Flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping is essential for accurate lymphoid neoplasm diagnosis.