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Changes in ocular biometry during short-term accommodation in children.

Rohan P J Hughes1, Scott A Read1, Michael J Collins1

  • 1Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|July 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Axial length (AL) significantly increased with accommodation in children, suggesting a link between near work and myopia development. This ocular change occurred even at higher accommodation demands, warranting further investigation in myopic children.

Keywords:
accommodationaxial lengthnear workocular biometry

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Pediatric Eye Care

Background:

  • Near work is associated with myopia development, but the exact mechanism is not fully understood.
  • Previous studies in adults show small axial length increases during accommodation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if accommodation-induced changes in ocular biometry occur in school-aged children.
  • To explore the relationship between near work, axial elongation, and myopia development.

Main Methods:

  • Ocular biometric measurements (axial length, vitreous chamber depth, etc.) were taken in 76 non-myopic children using a Badal optometer and non-contact optical biometer.
  • Measurements were recorded at four accommodation demands (0, 3, 6, and 9 D).
  • Axial length and vitreous chamber depth were corrected for crystalline lens thickness changes.

Main Results:

  • Axial length significantly increased with higher accommodation demands (p=0.005), with increases of 4, 8, and 15 µm at 3, 6, and 9 D, respectively.
  • Most ocular parameters (except corneal thickness) changed significantly, with lens thickness and anterior segment length increasing, and anterior chamber depth and vitreous chamber depth decreasing.
  • Longer baseline axial length correlated with greater accommodation-induced axial elongation at 9 D (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Accommodation significantly increases axial length in children, similar to adults up to 6 D.
  • The continued increase in axial length at 9 D mirrors potential near-task demands in children.
  • Findings suggest a mechanism linking near work, axial elongation, and myopia, though further research in myopic children is needed.