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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Decrease of Non-Classical and Intermediate Monocyte Subsets in Severe Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Arianna Gatti1, Danilo Radrizzani2, Paolo Viganò3

  • 1Hematology Laboratory and Transfusion Center, Western Milan Area Hospital Consortium, Legnano General Hospital, Milan, Italy.

Cytometry. Part a : the Journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology
|July 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts monocyte subsets, with reduced non-classical (NC) and intermediate (INT) monocytes in critical cases. Moderate cases showed increased NC and INT monocytes, indicating distinct immune responses to COVID-19 severity.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV2classical monocytesintermediate monocytesmonocytesmulticolor flow cytometrynon-classical monocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger a cytokine storm, leading to significant lung damage.
  • Monocyte subsets, including non-classical (NC) and intermediate (INT) types, are implicated in viral and bacterial infections.
  • Understanding monocyte dynamics is crucial for comprehending SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of monocyte subsets (classical, non-classical, intermediate) in patients with varying acute SARS-CoV-2 infection severity.
  • To analyze changes in HLA-DR and CD11b expression on monocytes in relation to COVID-19 severity.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze monocyte populations (NC, INT, CL) in 30 patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Expression levels of HLA-DR and CD11b on monocytes were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 symptoms exhibited significantly reduced numbers of NC and INT monocytes.
  • A downregulation of HLA-DR was observed on monocytes in severe cases.
  • Conversely, patients with moderate SARS-CoV-2 symptoms showed increased NC and INT monocytes and elevated CD11b expression.

Conclusions:

  • Monocyte subset distribution and expression markers differ between severe and moderate SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • These findings suggest distinct roles for NC and INT monocytes in the immune response to varying COVID-19 severity.
  • Monocyte profiling may serve as a potential biomarker for disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection.