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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
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Enzyme-Instructed Self-Assembly for Subcellular Targeting.

Shuang Liu1,2, Bing Xu1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States.

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|July 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Supramolecular self-assemblies offer a novel strategy for precisely targeting cellular compartments like the nucleus and mitochondria. Enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) enables controlled formation of these assemblies for biomedical applications, including cancer therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells feature subcellular compartmentalization, crucial for cellular function.
  • Targeting specific subcellular compartments offers significant biomedical potential but is currently underdeveloped.
  • Self-assembly presents a promising new approach for achieving subcellular targeting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of supramolecular self-assemblies for targeting key subcellular compartments.
  • To highlight enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) as a method for spatiotemporal control of supramolecular assembly formation.
  • To discuss the applications of EISA-based subcellular targeting, particularly in cancer therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on supramolecular self-assemblies for subcellular targeting.
  • Focus on enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) mechanisms and principles.
  • Discussion of case studies and applications in biomedicine.

Main Results:

  • Supramolecular self-assemblies can be designed to target various subcellular locations, including the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and cell membranes.
  • Enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) provides precise spatiotemporal control over the formation of these targeted assemblies.
  • EISA-based strategies show potential for developing novel therapeutic agents, particularly for cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Self-assembly, especially EISA, is a powerful and emerging strategy for overcoming limitations in subcellular targeting.
  • This approach opens new avenues for precise drug delivery and the development of advanced biomedical therapies.
  • Further research into EISA-driven supramolecular systems is warranted for diverse therapeutic applications.