Bi- and Tri-Specific T Cell Engager-Armed Oncolytic Viruses: Next-Generation Cancer Immunotherapy.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunotherapy
• Virology

Background:

• Oncolytic viruses (OVs) demonstrate significant anti-cancer efficacy.
• Bispecific and trispecific antibodies activate T cell receptor signaling for cancer immunotherapy.
• Combining OVs with multi-specific antibodies is a novel therapeutic strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current status of oncolytic virotherapy and multi-specific antibodies in cancer immunotherapy.
• To summarize the progress of bispecific and trispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs/TriTEs) and their combination with OVs.
• To discuss the future potential of T cell receptor mimics (TCRm) in enhancing OV-based immunotherapies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of oncolytic virotherapy and multi-specific antibody research.
• Summary of preclinical and clinical studies on BiTEs/TriTEs and OV combinations.
• Discussion of T cell receptor mimics (TCRm) for targeting intracellular antigens.

Main Results:

• Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are effective anti-cancer biologics.
• Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) and trispecific T cell engagers (TriTEs) show promise in cancer immunotherapy.
• BiTE/TriTE-armed OVs have demonstrated substantial efficacy in various tumor models.
• T cell receptor mimics (TCRm) are expanding the application of BiTEs and BiTE-armed OVs.

Conclusions:

• The combination of oncolytic viruses with bi- or tri-specific antibodies represents a cutting-edge approach in targeted cancer immunotherapy.
• This strategy has shown significant efficacy in preclinical models and holds promise for clinical translation.
• Future developments, including the use of T cell receptor mimics, are expected to further advance precision cancer immunotherapies.