Clarifying the Tooth-Derived Stem Cells Behavior in a 3D Biomimetic Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Christiane L Salgado1,2, Cristina C Barrias1,2,3, Fernando J M Monteiro1,2,4
1i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|July 17, 2020
Summary
Dental stem cells show promise for bone regeneration. Dynamic culture conditions enhance their proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on 3D scaffolds, with follicle-derived cells outperforming pulp-derived cells in vivo.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Stem Cell Biology
- Tissue Engineering
Background:
- Tissue engineered 3D constructs require abundant cells, often cultured dynamically on scaffolds for nutrient/oxygen diffusion.
- Dynamic cultures can improve cell viability and proliferation compared to static conditions.
- However, different cell types may respond variably to mechanical stress in dynamic cultures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate dental stem cells as a source for bone regeneration in artificial grafts.
- To investigate the effects of dynamic culture conditions on dental stem cells within 3D scaffolds.
- To compare the osteogenic potential of human dental follicle-derived MSCs (hDFMSCs) and human dental pulp-derived MSCs (hDPMSCs).
Main Methods:
- Isolation and characterization of hDFMSCs and hDPMSCs.
- Seeding cells onto collagen-nanohydroxyapatite/phosphoserine biocomposite cryogel scaffolds.
- Culture under dynamic (spinner flask, 50 rpm) and static conditions.
- Assessment of cell proliferation, differentiation markers (ALP activity, gene expression, OPN secretion), and in vivo bone regeneration after implantation.
Main Results:
- Both hDFMSCs and hDPMSCs exhibited osteogenic potential in vitro.
- Dynamic culture enhanced hDFMSC proliferation and spatial distribution within scaffolds.
- Dynamic culture promoted osteogenic differentiation in hDFMSCs and increased proliferation in hDPMSCs, with varied OPN secretion.
- Implanted hDFMSC-loaded scaffolds cultured dynamically showed superior tissue ingrowth and osteogenic differentiation compared to hDPMSC-loaded scaffolds.
Conclusions:
- Dental stem cells are a viable source for bone tissue engineering.
- Dynamic culture conditions positively influence dental stem cell behavior on 3D scaffolds.
- The choice of cell source and culture regimen is critical for optimizing bone regeneration outcomes.
