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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Eosinopenia and COVID-19.

Fahmina Tanni, Eleonora Akker, Muhammad M Zaman

    The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
    |July 17, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Eosinopenia, or a low eosinophil count, can help rapidly diagnose COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) and predict patient outcomes. Persistent eosinopenia indicates severe disease and slower recovery.

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    Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
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    Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
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    Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Clinical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucial for patient care and containment.
    • Current diagnostic methods like PCR assays have limitations including availability and turnaround time.
    • A complete blood cell count (CBC) can provide rapid information, including eosinophil counts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of eosinopenia in identifying COVID-19.
    • To assess the prognostic value of eosinopenia in COVID-19 patients.
    • To compare eosinophil counts in COVID-19 patients versus influenza patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Compared eosinophil counts from routine CBCs of 50 COVID-19 patients with 50 influenza patients.
    • Assessed the number of patients with zero eosinophils at presentation and within the first two days.
    • Analyzed eosinophil trends during hospitalization and correlated them with patient outcomes (deceased vs. discharged).

    Main Results:

    • 60% of COVID-19 patients presented with zero eosinophils, compared to 16% of influenza patients.
    • 88% of COVID-19 patients showed eosinopenia (zero eosinophils) on admission or within two days.
    • Persistent eosinopenia was observed in 86% of deceased COVID-19 patients versus 50% of survivors.

    Conclusions:

    • Absence of eosinophils in a CBC aids in the early diagnosis of COVID-19.
    • Eosinopenia can guide decisions on patient isolation and prompt treatment initiation.
    • Persistent eosinopenia correlates with increased disease severity and reduced recovery rates in COVID-19 patients.