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Related Concept Videos

Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

425
In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
425
Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

285
When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
285

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds
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Advancements in effect-based surface water quality assessment.

M L De Baat1, R Van der Oost2, G H Van der Lee1

  • 1Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Water Research
|July 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemical monitoring alone is insufficient for assessing surface water pollution. Advanced effect-based methods reveal pollution source-specific risks, highlighting the need for integrated water quality assessment strategies.

Keywords:
AgricultureBioassay batteryMicropollutantsPassive samplingWastewaterWater quality monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Water Quality Assessment

Background:

  • Traditional chemical monitoring inadequately assesses the combined risks of bioavailable micropollutants in surface waters.
  • There is a critical need for advanced methods to evaluate the aggregated ecotoxicological impact of diverse contaminants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance effect-based water quality assessment through methodological improvements.
  • To identify specific bioanalytical responses linked to contamination sources like agriculture and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

Main Methods:

  • Passive sampling of polar and non-polar organic compounds and metals from 14 surface water locations.
  • Application of 20 in vivo and in vitro bioassays to passive sampler extracts.
  • Calculation of cumulative ecotoxicological risks using effect-based risk quotients.

Main Results:

  • Cumulative ecotoxicological risks were lowest at reference sites, moderate at agricultural sites, and highest at WWTP sites, primarily driven by polar organic contaminants.
  • Effect-based methods successfully differentiated pollution source-specific risk profiles.
  • Horticulture sites showed anti-androgen receptor (anti-AR) and anti-progestin receptor (anti-PR) activity and cytotoxicity, while WWTP sites exhibited estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) activity and toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced effect-based methods are effective for surface water quality assessment.
  • Integrating chemical and effect-based monitoring provides robust strategies for achieving a non-toxic aquatic environment.