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A quantitative method for selecting a hair for nulear DNA analysis.

Maria Lawas1, Linda M Otterstatter2, Luisa V Forger1

  • 1Visiting Scientist Program, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA, 22135, United States; Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory Division, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA, 22135, United States.

Forensic Science International. Genetics
|July 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A new method using DAPI staining can predict nuclear DNA (nuDNA) typing success in hair roots. This technique helps forensic examiners select suitable hairs for analysis, improving efficiency in casework.

Keywords:
Anagen hair rootCatagen hair rootDAPI stainingNuclear DNA typingTelogen hair root

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nuclear DNA (nuDNA) analysis from hair roots is crucial in forensic investigations.
  • Identifying suitable hair samples for nuDNA typing can be challenging, especially for telogen hairs or those lacking adhering soft tissue.
  • Current methods may lead to the unnecessary analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) when nuDNA analysis is feasible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a quantitative method using DAPI staining to predict the success of nuDNA typing in head hair roots.
  • To determine if DAPI staining can identify hair samples previously considered unsuitable for nuDNA analysis.
  • To assess the compatibility of DAPI staining with standard forensic DNA analysis procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), a DNA-binding dye, to stain nuclear material in hair roots.
  • Quantified visible nuclei in hair roots using DAPI staining.
  • Performed short tandem repeat (STR) typing on hair samples with varying numbers of visible nuclei.
  • Assessed DAPI's interference with various forensic examination steps, including DNA extraction and STR typing.

Main Results:

  • DAPI successfully stained nuclear material in hair roots across different growth phases and with or without soft tissue.
  • Telogen hairs with over 100 visible nuclei post-DAPI staining frequently yielded full or high-partial STR profiles.
  • Hairs with fewer than 100 visible nuclei rarely achieved significant STR allele recovery (>20%).
  • DAPI staining did not interfere with subsequent forensic analyses, including DNA extraction and STR typing.
  • The method was effective for hairs subjected to sonication or mounted in Permount™.

Conclusions:

  • DAPI staining provides a reliable, quantitative method to predict nuDNA typing success in hair roots.
  • This screening method enables forensic examiners to better select hair samples for nuDNA analysis, optimizing casework efficiency.
  • The technique is particularly valuable for identifying potentially suitable hairs that might otherwise be directed to mtDNA analysis.
  • DAPI staining offers additional information beyond growth phase for selecting hair samples for nuDNA analysis.