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Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise
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Evaluating Competency for Execution after Madison v. Alabama.

Alexander H Updegrove1, Michael S Vaughn2

  • 1Dr. Updegrove is Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas. Dr. Vaughn is Professor, Institute for Legal Studies in Criminal Justice, Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas.

The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
|July 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The Supreme Court

Keywords:
capital punishmentcompetency for executiondementiainsanity

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Psychology
  • Legal Psychology
  • Criminal Justice

Background:

  • The U.S. Supreme Court's standard for assessing a defendant's competency for execution has evolved.
  • Early rulings like Ford v. Wainwright (1986) exempted insane defendants but lacked a clear definition of insanity.
  • Subsequent decisions, including Panetti v. Quarterman (2007), established a rational understanding standard for competency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the historical development of the Supreme Court's competency for execution standard.
  • To analyze key Supreme Court decisions shaping the legal definition of competency for capital punishment.
  • To propose best practices for evaluating competency to be executed.

Main Methods:

  • Review of landmark U.S. Supreme Court cases concerning competency for execution.
  • Analysis of legal standards and definitions of "insanity" and "rational understanding" in capital cases.
  • Synthesis of judicial reasoning to identify trends and evolving legal interpretations.

Main Results:

  • The Supreme Court's standard has shifted from a categorical exemption for insanity to a focus on rational understanding of punishment.
  • Madison v. Alabama (2019) clarified that memory loss alone does not preclude execution, but dementia impacting rational understanding is relevant.
  • The Court remanded Mr. Madison's case for re-evaluation of his competency.

Conclusions:

  • The legal standard for competency to be executed continues to be refined, particularly concerning cognitive impairments like dementia.
  • Accurate and consistent evaluation of defendants' rational understanding of their punishment is crucial.
  • The article provides recommendations for best practices in competency evaluations for capital cases.