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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Selenium Supplementation May Decrease Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Titer via Reducing Oxidative Stress in Euthyroid

Xun Tian1, Ning Li2, Rui Su1

  • 1Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China.

International Journal of Endocrinology
|July 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selenium supplementation significantly reduced thyroid autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). This study suggests selenium enhances antioxidant defense, offering a potential mechanism for its beneficial effects in AIT.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is an autoimmune condition affecting the thyroid gland.
  • Selenium, an antioxidant, is thought to play a role in AIT development and progression.
  • Previous studies indicate selenium supplementation may lower thyroid autoantibodies in AIT patients, but mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of selenium treatment in patients with AIT.
  • To evaluate the impact of selenium supplementation on oxidative stress markers and thyroid autoantibodies in AIT.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study involving 40 euthyroid AIT patients.
  • Participants received either 200 μg/day selenium or a placebo for 3 months.
  • Measurements included thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD).

Main Results:

  • Selenium treatment significantly decreased TPOAb titers (P < 0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while increasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.
  • No significant changes were observed in TSH or TgAb titers within the selenium group.
  • AIT patients exhibited higher MDA and lower TAC/SOD levels compared to healthy controls, with negative correlations between TAC and autoantibodies, and positive correlations between MDA and autoantibodies.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium supplementation effectively reduces TPOAb titers in euthyroid AIT patients.
  • The mechanism involves enhancing the body's defense against oxidative stress.
  • Selenium treatment represents a potential therapeutic strategy for managing AIT.