The concept of normalisation as a principle of educational theory and practice

Throughout the world, it is increasingly recognised that efforts should be made to ensure that young children with mental handicap (mental retardation) receive their education in integrated settings. This article reviews the obstacles to be overcome in implementing this principle of "normalization", and what parents, professionals, and society and its institutions might be called upon to do if it is to be achieved in practice. It concludes by presenting ten guidelines for future development of policy and practice, based on reports and studies conducted in different parts of the world. The successful introduction of integrated provision in some places provides models for its wider implementation. It is also a source of encouragement for those who have yet to achieve this objective.