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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
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Cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT).

Di Xu, Andres Garcia Coleto, Benjamin Moon

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a novel cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT) technique for precise surface metrology of freeform optics. This high-speed method achieves single-point precision of ±26 nm, advancing optical component measurement.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metrology
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Freeform optical components offer advanced performance and packaging in optical systems.
    • Accurate surface form metrology is a critical challenge for freeform optics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and investigate a novel metrology technique for freeform optical components.
    • To address the challenge of surface form measurement in advanced optics.

    Main Methods:

    • A point-cloud cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT) technique was developed.
    • The mathematical framework and a novel high-speed detection scheme for C-OCT were presented.

    Main Results:

    • Experimental validation of the C-OCT technique was performed using a prototype setup.
    • Single-point precision of ±26 nm (approximately λ/24) was demonstrated.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed C-OCT technique shows significant promise for accurate surface measurements.
    • This advancement paves the way for comprehensive surface characterization of freeform optical components.