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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Synthetic Biology02:55

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Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e
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Microbial Base Editing: A Powerful Emerging Technology for Microbial Genome Engineering.

Yu Wang1, Ye Liu1, Ping Zheng1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.

Trends in Biotechnology
|July 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Base editing is a powerful new genome engineering tool for microorganisms. This technology enables precise DNA changes without double-stranded breaks, advancing microbial applications.

Keywords:
CRISPRbase editingbioinformatics toolgenome engineeringnucleobase deaminase

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genome engineering is essential for understanding and utilizing microorganisms.
  • CRISPR/Cas-based tools, including homologous recombination (HR), have advanced microbial genome engineering.
  • Existing tools often involve limitations like double-stranded DNA cleavage or reliance on inefficient HR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and application of base editing in engineering industrially and clinically relevant microorganisms.
  • To highlight the advantages of base editing over traditional genome engineering methods.
  • To discuss bioinformatics tools and future prospects for base editing in microbial systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on base editing technologies in microbial systems.
  • Summarization of bioinformatics tools for guide RNA design and data analysis.
  • Discussion of the mechanisms and applications of CRISPR/Cas-nucleobase deaminase fusions.

Main Results:

  • Base editing allows precise nucleotide transitions without inducing double-stranded DNA cleavage.
  • This method bypasses the need for foreign donor DNA and inefficient homologous recombination.
  • Ongoing efforts demonstrate the potential for engineering diverse microorganisms.

Conclusions:

  • Base editing represents a significant advancement in microbial genome engineering.
  • It offers a more efficient and precise approach for modifying microbial genomes.
  • Further development and application of base editing hold great promise for various fields.