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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Electric Field-controlled Directed Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells in 2D and 3D Environments
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SCHEEPDOG: Programming Electric Cues to Dynamically Herd Large-Scale Cell Migration.

Tom J Zajdel1, Gawoon Shim1, Linus Wang1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

Cell Systems
|July 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new bioreactor to precisely control cell migration using computer-guided electrical fields. This technology enables real-time steering of cell movement for various biological applications.

Keywords:
bioelectricitybioengineeringbioreactorcell migrationcollective behaviorcollective migrationelectrotaxisgalvanotaxis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Directed cell migration is crucial for biological processes like wound healing and cancer metastasis.
  • Current tools lack real-time interactive guidance for controlling cell migration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an innovative bioreactor for real-time, programmable control of cell migration using electrotaxis.
  • To demonstrate precise, two-dimensional collective migration maneuvers in epithelial and keratinocyte cell ensembles.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of four computer-controlled electrodes to dynamically program electric field patterns.
  • Utilizing electrotaxis (cell migration along electric field gradients) to steer cell movement.
  • Programming and characterizing 2D collective migration maneuvers, including 90-degree turns and circular paths.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated on-demand, 90-degree collective turning of cell ensembles.
  • Developed a universal electrical stimulation scheme for arbitrary 2D migration maneuvers.
  • Provided evidence that cells time-average electric field cues, offering insights into electrotaxis transduction timescales.

Conclusions:

  • The developed bioreactor serves as an enabling platform for precise, real-time control of cell migration.
  • This technology has broad utility across various cell types and research applications, including regenerative medicine and cancer research.
  • The findings advance our understanding of cell migration mechanisms and electrotaxis.