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    This study introduces precisely controlled electrical fields to guide cell migration for faster wound healing. Localized electrical stimulation, when optimally timed and applied, significantly enhances the healing process.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Cell Biology
    • Regenerative Medicine

    Background:

    • Wound healing involves collective cell migration, influenced by endogenous electric fields.
    • Existing methods use global electric fields, which are inefficient and do not mimic natural healing dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and investigate spatiotemporally patterned electric fields for enhanced wound healing.
    • To understand how local electrical stimulation affects collective cell migration in skin wounds.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an experimental system to apply patterned electric fields to mouse skin cell monolayers.
    • Utilized local ring electric fields around 2D circular wounds.
    • Integrated biophysics models with optimal control strategies for timing and placement of stimulation.

    Main Results:

    • Local electrical stimulation can induce widespread cell migration via cell-cell adhesion.
    • Optimized timing of stimulation prevents cellular jamming in circular wounds.
    • A biophysics-informed optimal control strategy dramatically improved healing outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Spatiotemporally patterned electric fields offer a novel, precise approach to wound healing.
    • Optimizing the timing and location of electrical stimulation is crucial for effective electrotaxis.
    • This strategy holds potential for accelerating skin wound closure and improving regenerative therapies.