Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

1.4K
Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
1.4K
Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

4.0K
Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
4.0K
External and Internal Respiration01:24

External and Internal Respiration

6.6K
External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...
6.6K
Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

1.6K
In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
1.6K
Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

4.4K
Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
4.4K
Respiration and Gaseous Exchange01:20

Respiration and Gaseous Exchange

2.6K
The intricate interplay between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is crucial for efficiently transporting respiratory gases throughout the body. Let us explore the cardiovascular system's multifaceted functions, emphasizing its pivotal role in gas exchange.
Respiration involves the exchange of gases, especially oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the alveoli and body cells, a process facilitated by blood circulation. As a result, the cardiovascular system, which involves...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nutrient-Rich Mineral-Associated Organic Matter Limits Carbon Storage Under Elevated Carbon Dioxide in a Low Phosphorus Eucalyptus Woodland Soil.

Global change biology·2025
Same author

Multi-omic profiles of Sorghum genotypes with contrasting heat tolerance connect pathways related to thermotolerance.

Journal of experimental botany·2024
Same author

Sub-ppm gas phase Raman spectroscopy in an anti-resonant hollow core fiber.

Optics express·2022
Same author

Corrigendum to: Estimating the internal conductance to CO<sub>2</sub> movement.

Functional plant biology : FPB·2020
Same author

Multiplex digital spatial profiling of proteins and RNA in fixed tissue.

Nature biotechnology·2020
Same author

Evaluation of a novel extended automated particle-based multi-analyte assay for the detection of autoantibodies in the diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis.

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate
06:47

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate

Published on: December 12, 2015

25.6K

Estimating the internal conductance to CO2 movement.

Charles Warren1

  • 1School of Forest and Ecosystem Science, The University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Vic. 3363, Australia. Email.

Functional Plant Biology : FPB
|July 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Internal conductance (gi) limits photosynthesis by reducing chloroplast CO2 levels. Accurately measuring gi is crucial for understanding photosynthesis, but current methods have limitations in precision and accuracy.

More Related Videos

Characterizing Electron Transport through Living Biofilms
08:52

Characterizing Electron Transport through Living Biofilms

Published on: June 1, 2018

8.8K
Optical Quantification of Intracellular pH in Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian Tubule Epithelia with a Fluorescent Genetically-encoded pH Indicator
11:54

Optical Quantification of Intracellular pH in Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian Tubule Epithelia with a Fluorescent Genetically-encoded pH Indicator

Published on: August 11, 2017

10.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate
06:47

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate

Published on: December 12, 2015

25.6K
Characterizing Electron Transport through Living Biofilms
08:52

Characterizing Electron Transport through Living Biofilms

Published on: June 1, 2018

8.8K
Optical Quantification of Intracellular pH in Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian Tubule Epithelia with a Fluorescent Genetically-encoded pH Indicator
11:54

Optical Quantification of Intracellular pH in Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian Tubule Epithelia with a Fluorescent Genetically-encoded pH Indicator

Published on: August 11, 2017

10.5K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Photosynthesis Research
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Chloroplast CO2 concentration is lower than atmospheric due to gas and liquid phase resistances.
  • Historically, chloroplast CO2 was assumed equal to intercellular CO2, but evidence shows otherwise.
  • Internal conductance (gi) quantifies CO2 decrease from intercellular spaces to chloroplasts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the theoretical basis and protocols for estimating internal conductance (gi).
  • To evaluate common and alternative methods for measuring gi.
  • To highlight limitations and suggest improvements for accurate gi estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence.
  • Instantaneous discrimination against 13CO2.
  • Alternative methods: CO2 photocompensation points, A/Ci curve curvature, and initial A/Ci slope vs. A/Cc slope.

Main Results:

  • Common gi estimation methods exhibit poor precision (RSD > 10%).
  • Precision of alternative methods is less understood.
  • Accuracy of all methods is largely unknown due to shared assumptions.

Conclusions:

  • Internal conductance (gi) is a significant limitation to photosynthesis.
  • Current methods for estimating gi require further validation and improvement.
  • Using multiple methods with different assumptions and ensuring accurate A and Ci measurements can improve confidence in gi estimates.