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What do screening tools measure? Lessons learned from SCREEN II and SNAQ65
Jos W Borkent1, Lisanne T Schuurman1, Janne Beelen1
1HAN University of Applied Sciences, School of Allied Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
|July 22, 2020
Summary
SCREEN II and SNAQ65+ identify different groups of older adults at risk of malnutrition. SCREEN II is more inclusive, assessing overall nutrition risk, while SNAQ65+ focuses specifically on protein-energy malnutrition.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Numerous malnutrition screening tools exist, categorized as those assessing general nutritional risk and those focusing on protein-energy malnutrition.
- Understanding the differences in participant characteristics and prevalence rates identified by these tools is crucial for effective clinical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the performance of two distinct malnutrition screening tools, SCREEN II and SNAQ65+, in a community-dwelling older adult population.
- To identify the demographic, health, physical, and social factors associated with each screening tool's outcome.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 200 Dutch community-dwelling older adults (mean age 78.2 years).
- Malnutrition screening using SCREEN II (assessing nutrition risk) and SNAQ65+ (assessing protein-energy malnutrition risk).
- Chi-square tests were employed to analyze associations between various factors and the outcomes of both screening tools.
Main Results:
- A high prevalence of nutrition risk was found (69.0% by SCREEN II) compared to protein-energy malnutrition risk (13.5% by SNAQ65+).
- Poor agreement was observed between the two tools (kappa < 0.20).
- SCREEN II results were associated with gender, BMI, living status, income, and activity level, while SNAQ65+ results were associated with age, BMI, comorbidities, medication use, and mobility.
Conclusions:
- SCREEN II and SNAQ65+ measure different aspects of malnutrition, identifying distinct at-risk populations.
- SCREEN II offers a broader assessment, encompassing undernutrition, overnutrition, and factors influencing food intake.
- SNAQ65+ is specifically designed to detect protein-energy malnutrition.
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