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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

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The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
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Structural Controllability Predicts Functional Patterns and Brain Stimulation Benefits Associated with Working

Lysianne Beynel1, Lifu Deng2,3, Courtney A Crowell1,2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|July 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Network controllability predicts how brain stimulation affects cognitive tasks. This study links brain network control to working memory performance, validating the theory and offering new stimulation targeting methods.

Keywords:
TMScontrollabilitynetwork control theorynetworksworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Network Science
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The brain is a dynamic system, with network controllability proposed to link local brain activity to global network states.
  • Empirical evidence for network controllability's role in brain activity and behavior is limited.
  • Understanding how specific brain regions influence network dynamics is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional validity of network controllability in predicting brain activity and behavior.
  • To explore the relationship between structural network properties, functional brain states, and cognitive performance.
  • To assess the efficacy of network controllability as a targeting strategy for brain stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multimodal neuroimaging: fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging.
  • Applied online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) during a working memory task.
  • Measured modal controllability and its correlation with brain activity and task performance.

Main Results:

  • Structural network modes related to task difficulty and functional brain states.
  • Modal controllability at stimulated sites predicted fMRI activation and rTMS benefits.
  • fMRI explained significant variance between modal controllability and working memory improvements from rTMS.

Conclusions:

  • Provides evidence for the functional validity of network control theory in neuroscience.
  • Demonstrates that network controllability can predict the impact of brain stimulation on behavior.
  • Offers a novel approach for integrating structural and functional brain data to guide stimulation targeting for enhanced cognitive function.