Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

38.8K
Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
38.8K
Social Exchange Theory01:26

Social Exchange Theory

231
As formulated by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley, Social Exchange Theory explains human relationships as economic-like exchanges that maximize rewards and minimize costs. This theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships to gain benefits and reduce burdens, similar to economic transactions. It has been widely applied to various types of relationships, including romantic, professional, and social interactions.Rewards and Costs in RelationshipsRelationship rewards include emotional...
231
Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

39.3K
We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
39.3K
Measuring Reaction Rates03:09

Measuring Reaction Rates

28.3K
Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...
28.3K
Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

16.9K
If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
16.9K
Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes01:15

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes

146
Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
146

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparing methods of evaluating sensitivity to common establishing operations and bias toward challenging behavior.

Journal of applied behavior analysis·2025
Same author

Testing the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamic's predictions about choice under concurrent random-ratio schedules.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2025
Same author

Computer-based training to teach structured mealtime assessment skills.

Journal of applied behavior analysis·2025
Same author

Social Validity and Contemporary Applied Behavior Analysis.

Perspectives on behavior science·2025
Same author

The Compound Multiple-Baseline Design.

Perspectives on behavior science·2025
Same author

Does increasing absolute conditioned reinforcement rate improve sensitivity to relative conditioned reinforcement rate?

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.0K

Evaluating the function of social interaction using time allocation as a dependent measure: A replication and

Samuel L Morris1, Timothy R Vollmer1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Florida.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
|July 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study assessed social interactions in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using time allocation. Results indicate social interactions can be reinforcing or aversive, informing future ASD research.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disorderconcurrent operant reinforcer assessmentsocial interaction

More Related Videos

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents
08:38

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents

Published on: November 21, 2019

8.0K
Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
06:41

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Published on: February 25, 2011

94.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.0K
A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents
08:38

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents

Published on: November 21, 2019

8.0K
Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
06:41

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Published on: February 25, 2011

94.7K

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Assessing the function of social interactions is crucial for understanding behavior.
  • Time allocation offers a quantitative measure of social interaction preference.
  • Previous methods require refinement for broader application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate and extend a time allocation method for assessing social interaction function.
  • To enhance the feasibility, efficiency, and utility of the assessment.
  • To investigate social interaction reinforcement and aversion in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Main Methods:

  • Replication of Call et al. (2013) time allocation methodology.
  • Inclusion of extensions to improve assessment efficiency and data utility.
  • Observation and data collection on time allocation during social interactions for seven children with ASD.

Main Results:

  • Social interactions were found to be reinforcing for 5 participants and aversive for 2 participants.
  • Detailed time allocation data were collected for all participants.
  • Analyses included patterns of switching toward/away from social contact and session duration.

Conclusions:

  • The time allocation method is a viable tool for assessing social interaction function in ASD.
  • Social interactions serve different functions (reinforcing/aversive) for individuals with ASD.
  • Methodological extensions improve practical application and data richness for future research.