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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

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Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

8.5K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
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Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

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Nuclear Membrane Rupture and Its Consequences.

John Maciejowski1, Emily M Hatch2

  • 1Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|July 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear envelope ruptures, common in disease, disrupt cell compartmentalization. Rapid repair occurs in the nucleus but not micronuclei, linking membrane damage to genome instability and disease.

Keywords:
ESCRT-IIITREX1cGASchromothripsismembrane dynamicsnuclear lamina

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The nuclear envelope traditionally viewed as a static barrier.
  • Recent findings reveal nuclear membrane ruptures in various cellular conditions.
  • These ruptures are implicated in diseases like cancer and laminopathies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of nuclear membrane rupture and repair.
  • To highlight connections between nuclear integrity loss and disease.
  • To explore links to genome instability and immune signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on nuclear membrane dynamics.
  • Analysis of research on nuclear envelope repair mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of findings on nuclear rupture in disease models.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear membrane ruptures occur in conditions like cell migration and lamin mutations.
  • Ruptures are rapidly repaired in the nucleus but persist in micronuclei.
  • Loss of nuclear integrity connects to genome instability and innate immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear membrane rupture is a dynamic process relevant to human disease.
  • Persistent ruptures in micronuclei contribute to genome instability.
  • Nuclear envelope integrity is crucial for preventing tumorigenesis and laminopathies.