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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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States of Water01:23

States of Water

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Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
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Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Temperature-Driven Anchoring Transitions at Liquid Crystal/Water Interfaces.

Guillaume Durey1,2, Yoko Ishii3, Teresa Lopez-Leon1

  • 1Laboratoire Gulliver, UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|July 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Temperature control near the liquid crystal clearing point enables reversible switching of molecular anchoring at interfaces. This method utilizes polyvinyl alcohol to induce rapid molecular reorientation in 4-cyano-4-pentylbiphenyl shells, offering precise control over liquid crystal structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Controlling liquid crystal (LC) molecular anchoring at interfaces is vital for LC phase organization and applications.
  • Traditional methods for triggering anchoring transitions, like surfactant adsorption, are slow and irreversible.
  • Liquid crystal shells offer enhanced sensitivity to interfacial effects compared to droplets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel, rapid, and reversible method for controlling molecular anchoring in liquid crystal shells.
  • To explore the use of temperature changes near the clearing point to induce anchoring transitions.
  • To study the structural transformations and defect formation during these temperature-induced anchoring switches.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) liquid crystals and dilute aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
  • Investigated anchoring transitions on both flat suspended films and spherical liquid crystal shells.
  • Employed quasi-static temperature increases near the 5CB clearing point to trigger molecular reorientation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated temperature-induced, instantaneous reorientation of 5CB molecules from parallel to perpendicular anchoring at the interface with PVA solutions.
  • Observed that PVA's local disordering effect precedes the bulk 5CB phase transition, enabling controlled anchoring changes.
  • Characterized structural transformations and defect stabilization, noting dependence on film topology.
  • Showcased the ability to transform polydisperse nematic shells into a monodisperse population of bivalent shells.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature control near the clearing point provides a rapid and reversible method to switch liquid crystal anchoring.
  • This technique allows for simultaneous influence on both interfaces of liquid crystal films.
  • The method offers potential for precise control over liquid crystal shell populations, enabling the creation of monodisperse bivalent shells.