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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Smartphone Fundus Photography
05:51

Smartphone Fundus Photography

Published on: July 6, 2017

39.9K

Smartphone-Based Fundus Imaging-Where Are We Now?

Maximilian W M Wintergerst1, Linus G Jansen, Frank G Holz

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|July 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) offers a low-cost, mobile alternative for eye screenings. This technology shows promise for accessible diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity screening, especially in underserved regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Technology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) presents a cost-effective alternative to traditional fundus photography.
  • SBFI enables mobile fundus examinations, usable with or without pupil dilation, and offers integrated connectivity and processing.
  • The technology is easily mastered, delegable to technicians, and well-suited for telemedicine applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the applications and potential of smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI).
  • To highlight SBFI's role in screening for major eye conditions and its utility in various medical settings.
  • To identify current limitations and future research needs for SBFI.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and applications of SBFI.
  • Discussion of SBFI's capabilities including mobile examination, pupil dilation flexibility, and delegation to paramedical staff.
  • Exploration of emerging techniques like wide-field montage and integration with machine learning.

Main Results:

  • SBFI is applicable for screening diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity.
  • It serves as a valuable tool in emergency medicine, pediatrics, and for teaching purposes.
  • Emerging wide-field montage techniques and machine learning integration show significant promise.

Conclusions:

  • SBFI has the potential to increase accessibility of fundus examinations and screenings, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Addressing variable image quality and establishing grading standards are crucial for SBFI implementation.
  • Further comparative studies on different SBFI approaches regarding disease screening applicability and cost-effectiveness are needed.