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Do static and dynamic activities induce potentially damaging breast skin strain?

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Breast skin strain during activity is generally low, but running can cause excessive strain in some individuals. Support garments are crucial for reducing this strain, especially for larger breast volumes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Physiology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Quantifying breast skin strain and strain rate is essential for understanding tissue mechanics.
  • The impact of support garments on mitigating breast skin strain requires further investigation.
  • Identifying correlations between strain and individual characteristics can inform personalized support strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify breast skin strain and strain rate during static and dynamic activities.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different levels of breast support in reducing strain.
  • To determine participant characteristics associated with breast skin strain.

Main Methods:

  • Electromagnetic sensors were used to measure breast skin deformation in 39 women across various activities and support conditions.
  • Peak breast skin strain and strain rate were calculated using inter-sensor distances.
  • Correlations were analyzed between strain, nipple kinematics, breast pain, and participant anthropometrics.

Main Results:

  • Mean peak breast skin strain was typically below 60%, but reached 93% in some individuals during unbraced running.
  • High support did not offer additional strain reduction compared to low support during standing and walking.
  • Strain and strain rate were strongly correlated with breast volume, BMI, and bust circumference, with peak strain occurring longitudinally in lateral and medial breast regions.

Conclusions:

  • Static and dynamic activities generally pose a low risk of breast skin damage due to manageable strain levels.
  • Running can induce excessive breast skin strain and strain rates in some women, highlighting the need for adequate support.
  • Bra design, particularly lift in lateral and medial cups, is crucial for reducing strain in individuals with larger breast volumes.