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Pulmonary hypertension in majority countries: opportunities amidst challenges
Gerald J Maarman1, Jane Shaw2, Brian Allwood2
1Division of Medical Physiology, CARMA: Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa.
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
|July 24, 2020
Summary
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious condition with diverse causes in low- and middle-income countries. Improving awareness and diagnostic tools is crucial for better patient outcomes in these regions.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Pulmonary hypertension (PH) presents diverse etiological factors varying by geographic region.
- Majority countries, encompassing 84% of the global population, lack sufficient data on PH prevalence and causes.
- This review focuses on PH in low- and middle-income countries, addressing common causes and challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the causes and challenges of pulmonary hypertension in majority countries.
- To highlight the scarcity of data and the need for increased awareness and research in these settings.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pulmonary hypertension in low- and middle-income countries.
- Analysis of common etiological factors, diagnostic challenges, and healthcare system limitations.
Main Results:
- Common causes include rheumatic heart disease, HIV, schistosomiasis, chronic lung disease, and sickle cell disease.
- Delayed diagnosis is prevalent due to limited resources and awareness, often diagnosed late with right heart failure.
- Echocardiography and right heart catheterization are often unavailable in many settings.
Conclusions:
- Urgent advocacy for PH among clinicians in all healthcare sectors is needed.
- Development of validated noninvasive diagnostic algorithms is essential.
- Increased awareness and early diagnosis are critical for improving outcomes and stimulating local research.
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