A Depth-Dependent Integrated VF Simulation for Analysis and Visualization of Glaucomatous VF Defects

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Computational Vision
• Medical Simulation

Background:

• Standard visual field (VF) testing is monocular and at a single depth.
• Real-world vision is binocular and multi-depth, crucial for daily activities.
• Glaucoma and other bilateral vision impairments require depth-dependent visual assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and demonstrate a depth-dependent integrated visual field (DD-IVF) simulation.
• To evaluate DD-IVF defects in 12 glaucomatous archetypes using the 24-2 VF pattern.
• To provide a tool for better characterizing visual functioning in depth for clinical conditions.

Main Methods:

• Developed a DD-IVF simulation incorporating fixation, object, and interpupillary distances.
• Mapped 12 monocular 24-2 glaucomatous VF archetypes to binocular DD-IVFs across multiple depths.
• Used linear interpolation of sensitivities at each location and depth plane.

Main Results:

• Generated 144 unique DD-IVFs from combinations of 12 glaucomatous archetypes and multiple depths.
• The DD-IVF simulation is available as a Shiny app within the binovisualfields R package.
• Impaired locations in DD-IVFs varied based on the overlap of visual field loss between eyes.

Conclusions:

• The DD-IVF program effectively reveals binocular functional visual defects for glaucomatous 24-2 patterns.
• This simulation is adaptable for empirically measured visual fields.
• Findings support further empirical research into depth-dependent visual impairments in glaucoma and similar conditions.