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Picornavirus Cellular Remodeling: Doubling Down in Response to Viral-Induced Inflammation

Alexis Bouin1, Bert L Semler1

  • 1Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics and Center for Virus Research, School of Medicine, University of California, Med Sci Bldg, Room B237, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA.

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports
|July 25, 2020
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Picornavirus infections can cause long-term tissue damage, even if initially asymptomatic. Understanding viral and cellular factors is crucial for developing treatments and preventative strategies against picornavirus-induced inflammation and remodeling.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Picornaviruses are a diverse group of RNA viruses known to cause a range of human and animal diseases.
  • Airway and cardiac tissues are common targets for picornavirus infections, leading to significant pathological consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the impact of picornavirus infections on cellular inflammation and tissue remodeling in the airways and heart.
  • To emphasize the pathogenic effects of chronic or persistent picornavirus infections.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes recent published research on picornavirus pathogenesis.
  • Focuses on cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation and tissue remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Many picornavirus infections are initially asymptomatic but can lead to significant disease sequelae.
  • Chronic or persistent infections result in long-term, pathogenic effects on host tissues, including inflammation and remodeling.
  • Specific viral and cellular replication determinants contribute to the induction of pathogenic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of picornavirus-induced pathologies is challenging due to asymptomatic acute infections.
  • Preventative measures, such as vaccination, and novel treatments to reverse tissue damage are essential.
  • A comprehensive understanding of virus- and cell-specific replication is required for effective intervention strategies.
Keywords:
AsthmaCoxsackievirusCystic fibrosisInflammationMyocarditisPicornavirusRemodelingRhinovirus

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