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Emerging Roles of Modern Lifestyle Factors in Microbiome Stability and Functionality.

Ye Yang1, Maria C Hernandez1, Siddhi Chitre1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, CGRC, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Rd, Office 462, PO Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

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Modern lifestyle factors significantly alter the gut microbiome, impacting immune homeostasis and metabolism. These changes are linked to increased risks of inflammatory diseases and cancer, highlighting the need for further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Physiology
  • Health Sciences

Background:

  • The human body hosts a complex community of microorganisms, particularly in the gut, known as the gut microbiome.
  • This microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining host health, including immune system balance, metabolism, and protection against pathogens.
  • While the gut microbiome stabilizes in early childhood, it remains susceptible to external influences like diet, environment, and lifestyle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent scientific findings on the impact of modern lifestyle factors on the gut microbiome.
  • To explore how lifestyle choices influence the composition and function of the gut bacterial community (bacteriome).
  • To understand the connection between lifestyle-induced microbiome alterations and associated health risks.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research and literature on the gut microbiome and lifestyle factors.
  • It examines studies investigating the effects of specific modern lifestyle elements on gut microbial communities.
  • The review analyzes the downstream consequences of these microbial shifts on host health and disease.

Main Results:

  • Modern lifestyle factors such as disrupted circadian rhythms, sleep deprivation, exercise, and stress demonstrably affect gut bacteriome composition and function.
  • Alterations in the gut bacteriome resulting from these lifestyle factors are associated with dysregulation of host metabolism.
  • These changes are further linked to an increased risk of developing inflammatory diseases and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Lifestyle factors exert a significant influence on the gut bacteriome, thereby modulating host health and disease susceptibility.
  • Investigating the precise mechanisms by which microorganisms mediate lifestyle-associated disease risks is crucial.
  • This understanding may pave the way for innovative strategies to mitigate the adverse health effects of modern living.