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Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

SARS-CoV-2 Resistance to Small Molecule Inhibitors.

Uxua Modrego Lopez¹, Md Mehedi Hasan¹, Brandon Havranek²

¹Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA.

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports

|November 19, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

SARS-CoV-2 mutations can create drug-resistant variants. This review examines mutations in 3CLpro and nsp12, crucial for antiviral drug efficacy, and discusses new small molecule antivirals.

Keywords:

3CLpro Resistant mutations SARS-CoV-2 nsp12 small molecule therapeutics

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Area of Science:

Virology
Drug Discovery
Genetics

Background:

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is prone to genetic mutations.
Emerging variants can exhibit altered transmissibility, disease severity, and drug susceptibility.
Understanding viral evolution is key to managing the pandemic and developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To review mutations in SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and nsp12 that may impact antiviral drug efficacy.
To summarize recent advancements in small molecule antivirals targeting SARS-CoV-2.
To assess the potential for antiviral resistance in emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Main Methods:

Literature review of scientific publications.
Analysis of genetic mutation data in SARS-CoV-2.
Review of clinical and preclinical data on antiviral drug effectiveness.

Main Results:

Specific mutations in 3CLpro and nsp12 have been identified that could confer resistance to existing antiviral therapies.
Nirmatrelvir, Ensitrelvir, Remdesivir, Favipiravir, and Molnupiravir target 3CLpro or nsp12.
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may possess mutations that reduce the effectiveness of current small molecule antivirals.

Conclusions:

Mutations in key viral targets like 3CLpro and nsp12 pose a significant threat to the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs.
Continuous monitoring of viral mutations and ongoing research into novel antiviral agents are essential.
Development of next-generation antivirals should consider potential resistance mechanisms driven by viral evolution.