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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Interface Issues and Challenges in All-Solid-State Batteries: Lithium, Sodium, and Beyond.

Shuaifeng Lou1, Fang Zhang1, Chuankai Fu1

  • 1MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|July 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

All-solid-state batteries offer high safety and energy density but face challenges. Interfacial engineering is key to overcoming these hurdles for next-generation energy storage systems.

Keywords:
all-solid-state batteriesinterfaceslithium metalsodium metalsolid-state electrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising for next-generation energy storage due to high safety and energy density.
  • Widespread adoption is hindered by challenges like low electrolyte conductivity, dendrite formation, and poor cycle stability.
  • Interfacial dynamics between solid electrolytes and electrodes critically impact ASSB performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review interfacial principles and engineering strategies for various solid-state batteries.
  • To highlight interface physics (contact, wettability) and chemistry (passivation, ionic transport, dendrites).
  • To identify current interface issues and guide future research in solid-state electrochemical energy storage.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of interfacial phenomena in solid-state batteries.
  • Discussion of interface physics, including contact and wettability.
  • Examination of interface chemistry, such as passivation layers and ionic transport.

Main Results:

  • Interfacial engineering is crucial for addressing challenges in ASSBs.
  • Understanding interface physics and chemistry enables targeted strategies for performance improvement.
  • Various solid-state battery types, including lithium-sulfur and lithium-air, are considered.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial engineering is essential for unlocking the full potential of all-solid-state batteries.
  • Addressing interface issues will accelerate the development of safer and more efficient energy storage solutions.
  • Future research should focus on advanced interfacial strategies for next-generation batteries.