The Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma to Decrease the Risk of Seroma Formation After Mastectomy and Axillary Dissection

Area of Science:

• Surgical Oncology
• Regenerative Medicine
• Wound Healing Research

Background:

• Seroma is a common complication post-mastectomy and axillary dissection, involving lymphovascular fluid accumulation.
• It can lead to delayed healing, infection, and skin flap necrosis.
• This study investigated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a potential intervention to mitigate seroma development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in reducing seroma formation after experimental mastectomy and axillary dissection.
• To assess the impact of PRP on wound healing parameters, including adhesion, inflammation, fibroblast density, and neovascularization.

Main Methods:

• 24 Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups (n=8 each).
• Groups received varying doses of PRP (0.25 mL/cm² or 0.5 mL/cm²) or no treatment at the operation site.
• Outcomes measured included tissue seroma volume, adhesion scores, and histopathologic examination.

Main Results:

• PRP significantly reduced mean seroma volume compared to the control group.
• Higher PRP doses correlated with greater reductions in seroma volume.
• PRP application increased adhesion scores, fibroblast density, and neovascularization, while decreasing inflammatory cell infiltration.

Conclusions:

• Local application of PRP effectively decreases seroma formation post-mastectomy and axillary dissection in a rat model.
• PRP promotes beneficial tissue responses, including enhanced neovascularization and fibroblast proliferation.
• PRP demonstrates potential as an adjunct therapy to improve outcomes after oncologic breast surgery.