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Conditions on Early Earth02:06

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Around 4 billion years ago, oceans began to condense on earth while volcanic eruptions released nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen into the primordial atmosphere. However, organisms with the characteristics of life were not initially present on earth. Scientists have used experimentation to determine how organisms evolved that could grow, reproduce, and maintain an internal environment.
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Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber
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Space Environmental Chamber for Planetary Studies.

Abhilash Vakkada Ramachandran1, Miracle Israel Nazarious1, Thasshwin Mathanlal1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.

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|July 26, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The versatile SpaceQ chamber simulates Martian conditions, enabling the testing of instruments and materials for space exploration. It accurately calibrated temperature sensors and demonstrated novel methods for creating solid blocks from Martian soil simulants with water.

Keywords:
Mars simulationenvironmental chamberplanetary atmospherespacespace instrumentationvacuum

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Space Engineering
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • Space exploration requires robust instrumentation and materials capable of withstanding extreme environmental conditions.
  • Simulating extraterrestrial environments is crucial for testing equipment and understanding planetary processes before missions.
  • Investigating the presence and behavior of water on Mars is a key objective for astrobiology and future human exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and characterize the SpaceQ simulation chamber, a novel facility designed for testing under representative space conditions.
  • To demonstrate the chamber's capability in simulating Martian near-surface water cycle and UV irradiation.
  • To present applications of the SpaceQ chamber in calibrating space instruments and evaluating Martian soil simulant materials.

Main Methods:

  • The SpaceQ chamber was designed to operate at pressures from < 10-5 mbar to ambient and temperatures from 163 to 423 K.
  • It features a UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer, a UV irradiation lamp, and a water vapor injection system for simulating Martian atmospheric and surface conditions.
  • The chamber was utilized to calibrate the HABIT instrument's ground temperature sensor and to test the curation of composite materials with Martian soil simulants.

Main Results:

  • The SpaceQ chamber successfully simulated Martian near-surface water cycle and UV exposure.
  • Calibration tests showed the HABIT instrument's temperature retrieval accuracy within 1.3 °C between -50 and 10 °C.
  • Composite materials mixed with Martian soil simulant, super absorbent polymer, and water formed solid blocks retaining over 80% of the added water under simulated Martian conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The SpaceQ chamber is a versatile tool for testing space instrumentation, materials, and procedures under simulated space and Martian conditions.
  • The chamber's capabilities are vital for advancing space exploration missions, particularly those focused on Mars.
  • The results highlight the potential of using treated Martian regolith for construction or radiation shielding, with implications for future in-situ resource utilization.