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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells
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CD38: T Cell Immuno-Metabolic Modulator.

Anwesha Kar1, Shikhar Mehrotra2, Shilpak Chatterjee1

  • 1Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India.

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|July 26, 2020
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Summary

The CD38 enzyme regulates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in T cells, impacting their activation, differentiation, and metabolic state. This CD38-NAD+ axis is crucial for T cell function and response in various diseases.

Keywords:
CD38NAD+, T cell differentiationchromatin remodelingmetabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Metabolism
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • T cell activation and differentiation involve complex signaling, metabolic, and transcriptional changes.
  • Intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels critically influence T cell signaling, metabolism, and functional outcomes.
  • CD38, a NAD+ glycohydrolase expressed on activated T cells, modulates intracellular NAD+ levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of the CD38-NAD+ axis on T cell activation and differentiation.
  • To elucidate how CD38 influences T cell signaling and metabolic processes.
  • To describe the role of the CD38-NAD+ axis in chromatin remodeling and T cell responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CD38, NAD+, and T cell function.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways affected by CD38 enzymatic activity.
  • Examination of metabolic consequences of NAD+ depletion by CD38.

Main Results:

  • CD38 enzymatic activity consumes intracellular NAD+, limiting its availability for other enzymes like PARP, ART, and sirtuins.
  • The CD38-NAD+ axis interferes with T cell signaling and metabolic pathways essential for activation and differentiation.
  • CD38-NAD+ interactions influence chromatin remodeling, thereby rewiring T cell responses.

Conclusions:

  • The CD38-NAD+ axis is a key regulator of T cell activation, differentiation, and function.
  • Dysregulation of the CD38-NAD+ axis can alter T cell responses in various pathophysiological conditions.
  • Understanding the CD38-NAD+ axis offers insights into T cell-mediated diseases.