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Physical Confinement Impacts Cellular Phenotypes within Living Materials.

Hans Priks1, Tobias Butelmann1, Aleksandr Illarionov1

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This study characterizes cellular phenotypes in 3D-printed living materials. Hydrogel properties impact yeast cell size and growth, revealing key factors for designing advanced biomaterials.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cellular Biology
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Additive manufacturing enables the creation of living materials by 3D printing cells within polymeric hydrogels.
  • Understanding cellular behavior within these living materials is crucial for advancing biomedical research and biotechnology.
  • Current limitations exist in characterizing the cellular phenotype and its interaction with the hydrogel environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present an approach for characterizing the cellular phenotype of Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized within novel photo-cross-linkable hydrogels.
  • To investigate the impact of different polymeric hydrogel compositions on yeast cell morphology, growth, and interaction.
  • To explore the relationship between hydrogel properties, physical confinement, and cellular response within living materials.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in three distinct photo-cross-linkable triblock polymeric hydrogels (F127-bis-urethane methacrylate, F127-dimethacrylate, poly(alkyl glycidyl ether)-dimethacrylate).
  • Characterization using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to assess hydrogel stability and cellular interactions.
  • Analysis of cellular phenotype, including cell size, immobilization patterns, colony growth, and colony coatings.

Main Results:

  • The developed hydrogels demonstrated stability under physiological conditions.
  • Physical confinement within the hydrogels significantly impacted the cellular phenotype, reducing yeast cell size compared to suspension cultures.
  • Differences in immobilization patterns, colony growth, and colony coatings were observed, influenced by hydrogel composition and structure.
  • Evidence suggests cells can induce composition-dependent degradation of the polymers within the living materials.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogel composition and structure play a critical role in modulating the cellular phenotype within living materials.
  • Physical confinement is a key factor influencing cell size, growth, and interaction within 3D-printed constructs.
  • A comprehensive understanding of cellular responses to hydrogel environments is essential for designing application-specific polymers and advanced living materials.