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Non-suicidal self-injury in developing countries: A review.

Srinagesh Mannekote Thippaiah1,2, Muralidhara Shankarapura Nanjappa3, Jayasudha G Gude4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.

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Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant mental health concern, often misunderstood as distinct from suicide. This review highlights its prevalence and unique context in developing nations.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Global Mental Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is recognized as a behavioral manifestation of emotional distress, serving as a coping mechanism for transient psychological relief.
  • Historically, NSSI has been viewed as a maladaptive behavior, differentiated from suicide by the absence of suicidal intent.
  • There is a growing trend in psychiatric practice to medicalize psychological distress and maladaptive behaviors, including NSSI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the prevalence of NSSI in developing countries.
  • To identify factors associated with NSSI in these regions.
  • To explore the psychological and social significance of NSSI within developing country contexts.

Main Methods:

  • This study employed a narrative review methodology.
  • A systematic search identified 1,094 relevant articles.
  • Thirteen articles were selected for detailed analysis regarding NSSI prevalence and methods in developing countries.

Main Results:

  • NSSI prevalence rates exhibit significant variability, ranging from 11.5% to 33.8%, influenced by sample characteristics and study design.
  • Global NSSI rates demonstrate an increasing trend, extending to developing countries.
  • Emerging data suggests NSSI is nearly as prevalent in developing countries as in developed Western nations.

Conclusions:

  • The notion that NSSI is predominantly a phenomenon of developed Western countries is not supported by recent data.
  • While prevalence is similar across developed and developing countries, the meaning, context, and reasons for NSSI may differ.
  • NSSI represents a significant global mental health issue requiring culturally sensitive approaches.