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Related Concept Videos

Chemiosmosis01:32

Chemiosmosis

110.2K
Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes on the inner mitochondrial membrane that undergo a series of redox reactions. At the end of this chain, the electrons...
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Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions02:40

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

45.2K
A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
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Osmosis00:47

Osmosis

191.5K
Approximately 60% to 95% of the weight of living organisms is attributed to water. Therefore, maintaining appropriate water balance within cells is of paramount importance. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell’s plasma membrane. In living organisms, water plays a crucial role as a solvent—a molecule that dissolves other molecules.
191.5K
Osmosis01:30

Osmosis

10.1K
Osmosis is the movement of free water molecules through a semipermeable membrane.  The water's concentration gradient across the membrane is inversely proportional to the solutes' concentration. Whereas diffusion transports material across membranes and within cells, osmosis transports only water across a membrane, and the membrane limits the diffusion of solutes in the water. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion.
Water, like other substances, moves from a high concentration of...
10.1K
Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis01:22

Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis

1.4K
The electron transport chain is a critical component of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It facilitates the transfer of high-energy electrons from reduced cofactors NADH and FADH₂ to molecular oxygen, the final electron acceptor. This transfer of electrons through a series of protein complexes is tightly coupled to the translocation of protons across the membrane, generating a proton gradient essential for ATP synthesis.Electron Flow and Proton...
1.4K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

13.6K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
13.6K

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Assessment of Open Probability of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in the Setting of Coenzyme Q Excess
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Assessment of Open Probability of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in the Setting of Coenzyme Q Excess

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Chemiosmotic misunderstandings.

Pedro J Silva1

  • 1FP-ENAS/Fac. de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, BioSIM, Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Biophysical Chemistry
|July 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The chemiosmotic theory, crucial for understanding bioenergetics, is challenged by recent proposals. This study refutes these challenges, confirming the validity of chemiosmosis using experimental data and theoretical calculations.

Keywords:
BioenergeticsChemiosmosisGauss's lawProton-motive force

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Area of Science:

  • Bioenergetics
  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular Respiration

Background:

  • The chemiosmotic theory explains ATP generation via proton movement across membranes.
  • Recent publications have questioned its validity, proposing alternative energy generation mechanisms like "murburn".

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate recent challenges to the chemiosmotic theory.
  • To assess the proposed "murburn" mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of theoretical models applying Gauss' law to mitochondrial charge distribution.
  • Examination of experimental data related to ATP synthesis.
  • New theoretical calculations to validate or refute proposed mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Recent proposals questioning chemiosmosis are inconsistent with established experimental data.
  • Theoretical calculations demonstrate the viability of proton movement for ATP generation.
  • The proposed "murburn" mechanism is found to be unsupported.

Conclusions:

  • The chemiosmotic theory remains a valid and robust explanation for ATP generation in bioenergetics.
  • The criticisms and alternative mechanisms lack sufficient evidence and theoretical support.