Habronematidosis in Equids: Current Status, Advances, Future Challenges

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Parasitology
• Equine Health
• Nematology

Background:

• Habronematidosis is a globally distributed parasitic disease affecting equids, caused by Habronema and Draschia species.
• The disease is transmitted by muscid flies, with larvae affecting the stomach, skin (summer sores), and other tissues.
• Clinical signs range from mild to severe, impacting equine performance and causing economic losses, particularly in sport horses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize current knowledge on habronematidosis, including its pathogenesis, epizootiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control.
• To highlight the geographical distribution and spread of the disease.
• To identify knowledge gaps and emphasize the need for further research.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted using three online databases.
• A total of 250 relevant articles published between 1911 and 2020 were analyzed.
• The review synthesized information on various aspects of habronematidosis.

Main Results:

• Habronematidosis affects equids worldwide, with larvae found in the stomach, skin, and other organs.
• The disease causes significant economic losses due to impaired performance and unaesthetic lesions.
• Anthelmintic drugs are the primary treatment, but the risk of resistance requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive understanding of habronematidosis pathogenesis, epizootiology, and control is essential for equine health.
• Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps, particularly concerning anthelmintic resistance.
• Effective management strategies are crucial to minimize economic and sanitary impacts.