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Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in Neuroblastoma: Recent Advances and Future Directions
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0815, USA.
Abstract:
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric tumor malignancy that originates from the neural crest and accounts for more than 15% of all the childhood deaths from cancer. The neuroblastoma cancer research has long been focused on the role of MYCN oncogene amplification and the contribution of other genetic alterations in the progression of this malignancy. However, it is now widely accepted that, not only tumor cells, but the components of tumor microenvironment (TME), including extracellular matrix, stromal cells and immune cells, also contribute to tumor progression in neuroblastoma. The complexity of different components of tumor stroma and their resemblance with surrounding normal tissues pose huge challenges for therapies targeting tumor microenvironment in NB. Hence, the detailed understanding of the composition of the TME of NB is crucial to improve existing and future potential immunotherapeutic approaches against this childhood cancer. In this review article, I will discuss different components of the TME of NB and the recent advances in the strategies, which are used to target the tumor microenvironment in neuroblastoma.
Insights
Neuroblastoma, a common childhood cancer, involves more than just tumor cells. Understanding its tumor microenvironment is key to developing new immunotherapies for this deadly disease.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Cancer Immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment Research
Background:
- Neuroblastoma (NB) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in children.
- Historically, research focused on MYCN oncogene amplification, but tumor microenvironment (TME) components are now recognized as critical for NB progression.
- The complex nature of the NB TME presents therapeutic challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse components of the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment.
- To discuss recent advancements in targeting the NB TME for improved therapeutic strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment research.
- Analysis of current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the TME in NB.
Main Results:
- The tumor microenvironment, including extracellular matrix, stromal cells, and immune cells, significantly influences neuroblastoma progression.
- Targeting the TME offers potential for novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of the NB TME is essential for advancing immunotherapies.
- Future research should focus on dissecting TME complexity to develop effective neuroblastoma treatments.
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