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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.8K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

701
Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
701
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

2.9K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Magnet Assisted Composite Manufacturing: A Flexible New Technique for Achieving High Consolidation Pressure in Vacuum Bag/Lay-Up Processes
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Additive Manufacturing of Isotropic NdFeB PPS Bonded Permanent Magnets.

M Parans Paranthaman1, Volkan Yildirim1, Tej Nath Lamichhane1

  • 1Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Additive manufacturing with polyphenylene sulfide creates strong, stable polymer composite magnets. These magnets offer superior thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties compared to traditional methods.

Keywords:
NdFeB PPS bonded permanent magnetsadditive manufacturingmagnetic propertiestensile strengththermal stability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Traditional injection molding limits solid loading in polymer composite magnets.
  • Additive manufacturing offers potential for higher performance magnetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate extrusion-based additive manufacturing of polymer composite magnets using polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
  • To evaluate the magnetic, mechanical, thermal, and corrosion resistance properties of the fabricated magnets.

Main Methods:

  • Compounding 63 vol% isotropic NdFeB magnet powders with 37 vol% polyphenylene sulfide.
  • Fabricating bonded permanent magnets using Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM).
  • Coating magnets with a protective resin for enhanced stability.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high solid loading (63 vol% NdFeB) without magnetic property degradation.
  • Polyphenylene sulfide bonded magnets exhibited double the tensile stress (20 MPa) of nylon bonded magnets.
  • Coated magnets met industrial stability criteria (175 °C for 1000 h) with minimal flux loss (2.35%).
  • Demonstrated improved corrosion resistance in acidic solutions and humid, high-temperature environments.

Conclusions:

  • Extrusion-based additive manufacturing enables high-performance polymer composite magnets.
  • Polyphenylene sulfide bonded magnets offer enhanced thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties.
  • Protective resin coating further improves stability and durability for industrial applications.