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Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
Published on: June 11, 2019
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES UNDERGOING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING - PROPOSAL
Nikola Pavlović1, Kristijan Đula1, Ivan Kuharić1
11Department of Cardiology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Radiology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Cardiology, Rijeka University Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia; 4Department of Cardiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Department of Cardiology, Split University Hospital Centre, Split, Croatia; 6Department of Cardiology, Zadar General Hospital, Zadar, Croatia.
Abstract:
For many years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was contraindicated in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). Today, there is a growing amount of evidence that MRI can be performed safely in the majority of patients with CIEDs. Firstly, there are devices considered MRI conditional by manufacturers that are available on the market and secondly, there is clear evidence that even patients with MRI non-conditional devices can also undergo MRI safely. Protocols have been developed and recommendations from different cardiac and radiologic societies have been published in recent years. However, the majority of physicians are still reluctant to refer these patients to MRI. Therefore, this document is published as a joint statement of the Croatian Working Group on Arrhythmias and Cardiac Pacing and Department of Radiology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre to guide and ease the management of patients with CIED undergoing MRI. Also, we propose a unified protocol and checklist that could be used in Croatian hospitals.
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