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Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children: A systematic review

Jun Yasuhara1, Toshiki Kuno2, Hisato Takagi3

  • 1Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|July 30, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Children with COVID-19 often have mild or no symptoms, but infants may become severely ill. Older children can develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), requiring intensive care. Early detection is key for managing pediatric COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited data exists on the clinical profiles of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding COVID-19 manifestations in children is crucial for effective management and public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children.
  • To analyze epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data of pediatric COVID-19 cases.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of case reports and case series.
  • Searched PubMed and EMBASE databases up to June 20, 2020.
  • Collected and analyzed data from 114 pediatric COVID-19 cases.

Main Results:

  • Most pediatric COVID-19 cases presented with mild symptoms (fever, cough) or were asymptomatic.
  • Common findings included ground-like opacities on imaging and laboratory abnormalities like lymphopenia and elevated inflammatory markers.
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) was identified in 15% of cases, with some requiring intensive care due to severe illness.

Conclusions:

  • Children with COVID-19 generally experience less severe illness compared to adults.
  • Infants may be at higher risk for severe disease, while older children are more prone to developing MIS-C.
  • Early detection of mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 and prompt diagnosis of MIS-C are essential for optimal patient outcomes and transmission control.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Kawasaki diseaseSARS-CoV-2clinical featuresmultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)

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