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Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws...
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Waveguide quantum electrodynamics with superconducting artificial giant atoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum electrodynamics
  • Solid-state physics
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • The dipole approximation is standard for light-matter interactions, treating atoms as point-like.
  • This approximation fails for 'giant atoms' where atom size approaches light wavelength.
  • Existing giant-atom experiments use superconducting qubits and single-frequency probes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore a novel architecture for realizing giant atoms.
  • To enable tunable atom-waveguide couplings and engineer coupling spectra.
  • To demonstrate decoherence-free interactions between multiple giant atoms.

Main Methods:

  • Coupling small atoms to a waveguide at multiple discrete locations.
  • Utilizing an alternative architecture beyond superconducting qubits.
  • Engineering the device design to control coupling spectrum and ratios.

Main Results:

  • Successfully realized giant atoms in a new solid-state architecture.
  • Achieved tunable atom-waveguide couplings with large on-off ratios.
  • Demonstrated decoherence-free interactions between multiple giant atoms via waveguide modes.

Conclusions:

  • This giant-atom architecture overcomes limitations of the dipole approximation.
  • It enables in situ switching between protected and emissive qubit configurations.
  • Opens new avenues for quantum simulations and non-classical photon generation.